Academic Essays and Dissertations
On this page you will find a combination of short complete essays as well as abstracts and introductions for academic essays and dissertations. The pieces of writing vary in length: where they are only a few paragraphs or a couple of thousand words long, you will find them laid out in full. Longer pieces only have the first few paragraphs, or where appropriate, an executive summary or abstract. If the subject interests you and you would like to see the full piece, use the get in contact page to request a copy from me personally. All of these essays and dissertations are free to access, even as the full monty. Your name is not put on any list for advertising, and I will not ask you for payment further down the road at any point for the pieces of writing on this website, whether they are published in full or in part. However, you should note that these words and ideas belong to me, and if you attempt to use them for nefarious means, you might get caught out. It is up to you whether you think the risk is worthwhile.
I do take on new original work, though, and you can ask me to provide a piece of writing or research. Hopefully the work in these pages will give you an idea of the standard of writing you can expect.
I do take on new original work, though, and you can ask me to provide a piece of writing or research. Hopefully the work in these pages will give you an idea of the standard of writing you can expect.
Change management and MaD
/change-management-and-mad.html
The aim of this report is to look at ways in which MaD can become more competitive in the white goods industry.
The aim of this report is to look at ways in which MaD can become more competitive in the white goods industry.
Capital Investments
/capital-investments.html
Capital investment analysis is the process of deciding whether any given opportunity will create value.
Capital investment analysis is the process of deciding whether any given opportunity will create value.
Comparative Review of HRM Strategies
/a-comparative-review-of-hrm-strategy-at-mnc-firms.html
Strategic human resource management exponents assert that there is a causal relationship between competitive performance and HRM programmes to encourage workers to perform maximally. However, despite research efforts, finding a direct causal link between HRM strategies and performance has proved difficult
Strategic human resource management exponents assert that there is a causal relationship between competitive performance and HRM programmes to encourage workers to perform maximally. However, despite research efforts, finding a direct causal link between HRM strategies and performance has proved difficult
Civil Products Liability Law
/civil-products-liability-law.html
Under the Restatement of Torts (Second) Section 402A, the seller of a product which is “unreasonably dangerous to the user… is subject to liability for physical harm” (p.298) resulting from the use of the product, provided the product is being to put to reasonable use in its original specifications (Halbert & Ingulli, 2003).
Under the Restatement of Torts (Second) Section 402A, the seller of a product which is “unreasonably dangerous to the user… is subject to liability for physical harm” (p.298) resulting from the use of the product, provided the product is being to put to reasonable use in its original specifications (Halbert & Ingulli, 2003).
Comparing Traditional and Boundaryless Career Models
/comparing-traditional-and-boundaryless-career-models.html
An objectively successful career may not result in a subjective sense of achievement of goals, and subjective success may not be measured in tangible results, such as pay, job title, or hierarchical position, but in personal satisfaction (Caves, 2000).
An objectively successful career may not result in a subjective sense of achievement of goals, and subjective success may not be measured in tangible results, such as pay, job title, or hierarchical position, but in personal satisfaction (Caves, 2000).
Comparing the Arbritrage Pricing Theory and the Capital Asset Pricing Model
/comparing-the-arbitrage-pricing-theory-and-the-capital-asset-pricing-model.html
There are inherent risks in holding any asset, and the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the arbitrage pricing model (APM) are both ways of calculating the cost of an asset and the rate of return which can be expected based on the risk level inherent in the asset (Krause, 2001).
There are inherent risks in holding any asset, and the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the arbitrage pricing model (APM) are both ways of calculating the cost of an asset and the rate of return which can be expected based on the risk level inherent in the asset (Krause, 2001).
Concepts of International Environmental Law: An evaluation report on the oil and gas industries
/concepts-of-international-environmental-law.html
Discovering oil or gas reserves can be an economic and social gift to a nation which can increase employment, wealth and community wellbeing. However, in order to benefit from energy reserves, governments need to steer a careful path between collaboration and control. Here, three issues for governments dealing with the process of oil and/or gas exploration are discussed. It is concluded that external expertise can be helpful, but the government needs to remain firmly in control.
Discovering oil or gas reserves can be an economic and social gift to a nation which can increase employment, wealth and community wellbeing. However, in order to benefit from energy reserves, governments need to steer a careful path between collaboration and control. Here, three issues for governments dealing with the process of oil and/or gas exploration are discussed. It is concluded that external expertise can be helpful, but the government needs to remain firmly in control.
Corporate Law: Corporate Responsibility for Harmful Acts
/corporate-law-corporate-responsibility-for-harmful-acts.html
In theory, a corporate body is responsible for its actions in much the same way as an individual. Legislation dating back to the 19th century, such as the Criminal Law Act (1827) and the Interpretation Act (1889) both state that corporations can be treated as if they were an individual, and are liable to the held responsible for their actions. However, in practice, holding corporations to account is a more complex task: a corporation is not a physical and cognitive entity per se, but is made up of the humans who are involved in its operation.
In theory, a corporate body is responsible for its actions in much the same way as an individual. Legislation dating back to the 19th century, such as the Criminal Law Act (1827) and the Interpretation Act (1889) both state that corporations can be treated as if they were an individual, and are liable to the held responsible for their actions. However, in practice, holding corporations to account is a more complex task: a corporation is not a physical and cognitive entity per se, but is made up of the humans who are involved in its operation.
The Prevalence and Relevance of Corporate Training Schemes
/the-prevalence-and-relevance-of-corporate-training-schemes.html
Human Resource Management (HRM) has been developing since the 1970s with prophetic writers such as Toffler (1970) suggesting that the way companies utilise their employees would become more fluid, team based and temporary. Described as an ‘adhocracy’, more horizontal management structures would be more in keeping with the Japanese example, such as developed by Deming (1982) and Ohno (Womack et al 1990). These systems simultaneously decreased the costs of production and increased the quality of the product, and became foundational models for a corporate strategy which involved managing human resources in a new way.
Human Resource Management (HRM) has been developing since the 1970s with prophetic writers such as Toffler (1970) suggesting that the way companies utilise their employees would become more fluid, team based and temporary. Described as an ‘adhocracy’, more horizontal management structures would be more in keeping with the Japanese example, such as developed by Deming (1982) and Ohno (Womack et al 1990). These systems simultaneously decreased the costs of production and increased the quality of the product, and became foundational models for a corporate strategy which involved managing human resources in a new way.
Project GLOBE and Finland: A critical analysis of the research into culture
/project-globe-and-finland-a-critical-analysis-of-the-research-into-culture.html
Lewis (2003: xxiii) describes a nation’s culture as its “blueprint for survival”. Hodgetts & Luthans (2003) define culture as information shared by members of a community which has been acquired through socialisation rather than through biological inheritance. It is often symbolic and highly integrated, and encompasses the shared values of the group (Lewis, 2003).
Lewis (2003: xxiii) describes a nation’s culture as its “blueprint for survival”. Hodgetts & Luthans (2003) define culture as information shared by members of a community which has been acquired through socialisation rather than through biological inheritance. It is often symbolic and highly integrated, and encompasses the shared values of the group (Lewis, 2003).
An investigation into the need for cyber security and analysis of the threats to business
/an-investigation-into-the-need-for-cyber-security-and-analysis-of-the-threats-to-business.html
Cyber security for businesses is not a single issue, but a range of associated issues which are connected by the digital medium used. For example, a company which has an online retail presence needs to be assured of the security of its financial transactions with customers (Lee & Chung, 2009).
Cyber security for businesses is not a single issue, but a range of associated issues which are connected by the digital medium used. For example, a company which has an online retail presence needs to be assured of the security of its financial transactions with customers (Lee & Chung, 2009).
Design in Operations
/design-in-operations.html
The design of operations management can impact considerably on the competitive positioning of an organisation, as it impacts on the value chain in several ways. Perhaps the most obvious examples of operational design which spring to mind are the physical ways in which products and services are produced, such as assembly lines or call centres. However, operational design also impacts on human resources management, creating conducive working environments and task bundles for employees which can increase job satisfaction and motivation
The design of operations management can impact considerably on the competitive positioning of an organisation, as it impacts on the value chain in several ways. Perhaps the most obvious examples of operational design which spring to mind are the physical ways in which products and services are produced, such as assembly lines or call centres. However, operational design also impacts on human resources management, creating conducive working environments and task bundles for employees which can increase job satisfaction and motivation
Determinism, crime, and domestic violence
/determinism-crime-and-domestic-violence.html
‘The most useful theories of crime do not have to take into account explanations of why individuals behave in the way that they do.’
‘The most useful theories of crime do not have to take into account explanations of why individuals behave in the way that they do.’
Diversity in the Boards of Directors of Communications Companies
/diversity-in-the-boards-of-directors-of-communications-companies.html
Diversity in the workplace is a paradigm of interest to both sociology and management, with debates ongoing over the most equitable solutions to promoting pluralism in business. Although the majority of research tends to be focused on workers who have issues gaining employment, here the focus is on the relative ethnic and gender diversity of Boards of Directors.
Diversity in the workplace is a paradigm of interest to both sociology and management, with debates ongoing over the most equitable solutions to promoting pluralism in business. Although the majority of research tends to be focused on workers who have issues gaining employment, here the focus is on the relative ethnic and gender diversity of Boards of Directors.
Dynamic Labour Relations over the Last Thirty Years
/dynamic-labour-relations-over-the-last-thirty-years.html
Working practices and conditions have changed considerably over the last thirty years in the UK and globally. Trade and labour market barriers have been reduced substantially, and information technology has advanced to the stage where trans-national corporations can base operational segments worldwide. Company structure and ownership have become increasingly complex, which has resulted in increased disconnection between the employee and employer.
Working practices and conditions have changed considerably over the last thirty years in the UK and globally. Trade and labour market barriers have been reduced substantially, and information technology has advanced to the stage where trans-national corporations can base operational segments worldwide. Company structure and ownership have become increasingly complex, which has resulted in increased disconnection between the employee and employer.
Employee-owned companies
/employee-owned-companies.html
This report looks at the differences between a standard, financial value-creation model of the firm (Friedman, 1970) and stakeholder models (Freeman, 1984) in the context of the benefits and problems of employee ownership.
This report looks at the differences between a standard, financial value-creation model of the firm (Friedman, 1970) and stakeholder models (Freeman, 1984) in the context of the benefits and problems of employee ownership.
Energy Recovery from Waste in Developing Countries
/energy-recovery-from-waste-in-developing-countries.html
Municipal solid waste (MSW) and the way it is disposed of is an ongoing debate. Whilst some researchers look to find ways of sustainably reprocessing MSW to produce energy products such as bio-gas or electricity (Costa et al, 2007; Borges et al, 2012), others look at ways to reduce the amount of waste being produced (EU, 2012). Many researchers have focused on the waste issues faced by less developed countries, where an informal economy has grown around individual waste pickers (Medina, 2000). Here, hybrid solutions are proposed which involve both the informal and formal economies (Gutberlet, 2012; Liebenberg, 2007).
Municipal solid waste (MSW) and the way it is disposed of is an ongoing debate. Whilst some researchers look to find ways of sustainably reprocessing MSW to produce energy products such as bio-gas or electricity (Costa et al, 2007; Borges et al, 2012), others look at ways to reduce the amount of waste being produced (EU, 2012). Many researchers have focused on the waste issues faced by less developed countries, where an informal economy has grown around individual waste pickers (Medina, 2000). Here, hybrid solutions are proposed which involve both the informal and formal economies (Gutberlet, 2012; Liebenberg, 2007).
Ethnocentrism and Country of Origin Effects in Products
/ethnocentrism-and-country-of-origin-effects-in-products.html
The country-of-origin effect is the level of influence the image of the country producing products has over its likely value in the minds of customers. So, for example, a country with a high level of esteem internationally may have an inbuilt advantage when selling products abroad. However, as research into the COO effect has evolved, this simplistic correlation between countries of high esteem and high quality products has come under question.
The country-of-origin effect is the level of influence the image of the country producing products has over its likely value in the minds of customers. So, for example, a country with a high level of esteem internationally may have an inbuilt advantage when selling products abroad. However, as research into the COO effect has evolved, this simplistic correlation between countries of high esteem and high quality products has come under question.
Critical analysis of the EU Green Paper (April 2011) The EU Corporate Governance Framework
/critical-analysis-of-the-eu-green-paper-april-2011-the-eu-corporate-governance-framework.html
The EU Green Paper COM (2011) 164 The EU Corporate Governance Framework seeks to address issues of “Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility” (p.2) to “curb short-termism and excessive risk-taking” (p.2).
The EU Green Paper COM (2011) 164 The EU Corporate Governance Framework seeks to address issues of “Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility” (p.2) to “curb short-termism and excessive risk-taking” (p.2).
The moral marketplace: Can sales of Fair Trade coffee predict purchase intentions of other morally-motivated products?
/the-moral-marketplace-can-sales-of-fair-trade-coffee-predict-purchase-intentions-of-other-morally-motivated-products.html
One issue which has been addressed in the business research literature by De Pelsmacker (2005) was the type of people who prefer cause-related products. De Pelsmacker discovered that older, tertiary educated, relatively wealthy females were the most common buyers of Fair Trade coffee. Bondy & Talwar (2011) repeated De Pelsmacker’s (2005) experiment, and discovered that even during the recession, this demographic keeps on buying ethically sourced coffee. This seems intuitively reasonable, since the premium is based on an emotional, moral decision rather than price competitiveness and rationality (Cardy et al, 2008).
One issue which has been addressed in the business research literature by De Pelsmacker (2005) was the type of people who prefer cause-related products. De Pelsmacker discovered that older, tertiary educated, relatively wealthy females were the most common buyers of Fair Trade coffee. Bondy & Talwar (2011) repeated De Pelsmacker’s (2005) experiment, and discovered that even during the recession, this demographic keeps on buying ethically sourced coffee. This seems intuitively reasonable, since the premium is based on an emotional, moral decision rather than price competitiveness and rationality (Cardy et al, 2008).
Financial Restructuring
/financial-restructuring.html
Restructuring is defined by Crum & Goldberg (1998) as a set of discrete, decisive measures taken in order to increase the competitiveness of the enterprise and thus enhance its value.
Restructuring is defined by Crum & Goldberg (1998) as a set of discrete, decisive measures taken in order to increase the competitiveness of the enterprise and thus enhance its value.
Analysis of the Frozen Food Industry
/analysis-of-the-frozen-food-industry.html
Food processing adds value, but there are concerns over the links between food standards and health, the safety of food, and the environmental impacts of food production, both in terms of the way food is raised and the impact of distribution. Frozen foods are particularly energy intensive to produce, with particular outbound logistics issues in terms of transportation and packaging.
Food processing adds value, but there are concerns over the links between food standards and health, the safety of food, and the environmental impacts of food production, both in terms of the way food is raised and the impact of distribution. Frozen foods are particularly energy intensive to produce, with particular outbound logistics issues in terms of transportation and packaging.
Functions of the Main Political Parties in the US System
/the-main-political-parties-in-the-us-system.html
The United States is comprised of a widely heterogeneous population, and it would be intuitively reasonable to assume that the political system might reflect this range by a range of diverse political parties. Yet it has remained the case throughout the history of American politics that the two main parties persist in sharing the overwhelming majority of the electoral votes1
The United States is comprised of a widely heterogeneous population, and it would be intuitively reasonable to assume that the political system might reflect this range by a range of diverse political parties. Yet it has remained the case throughout the history of American politics that the two main parties persist in sharing the overwhelming majority of the electoral votes1
Horizontal and Vertical Glass Ceilings in the Fashion Industry: Gender Bias by Department and Seniority
/horizontal-and-vertical-glass-ceilings-in-the-fashion-industry-gender-bias-by-department-and-seniority.html
This research project looks at the fashion industry, in particular the Inditex Group, and suggests that although fashion has a predominantly female target demographic, leveraging female knowledge has not appeared in the form of higher numbers of female executives.
This research project looks at the fashion industry, in particular the Inditex Group, and suggests that although fashion has a predominantly female target demographic, leveraging female knowledge has not appeared in the form of higher numbers of female executives.
Gore-Tex leadership and organisational behaviour
/gore-tex-leadership-and-organisational-behaviour.html
The Gore-Tex Case study raises issues of management and leadership, leadership within groups and teams, and motivation.
The Gore-Tex Case study raises issues of management and leadership, leadership within groups and teams, and motivation.
Hofstede Cultural Dimensions: KSA
/hofstede-cultural-dimensions-ksa.html
Hofstede’s (2013) cultural dimensions provide a score on a range of dimensions of a given society, and the combination of these dimensions is used to judge the nature of the dominant culture. Here, the dimensions of Saudi Arabia are discussed on four dimensions of power distance, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and individualism. These aspects are discussed in terms of how relevant and useful such dimensions are, as well as their potential limitations.
Hofstede’s (2013) cultural dimensions provide a score on a range of dimensions of a given society, and the combination of these dimensions is used to judge the nature of the dominant culture. Here, the dimensions of Saudi Arabia are discussed on four dimensions of power distance, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and individualism. These aspects are discussed in terms of how relevant and useful such dimensions are, as well as their potential limitations.
HTC and the Smart Phone Industry: Strategic Analysis
/htc-and-the-smart-phone-industry-strategic-analysis.html
This report looks at the state of the smart phone industry in general, and focuses on the position of HTC in comparison to Apple and Samsung.
This report looks at the state of the smart phone industry in general, and focuses on the position of HTC in comparison to Apple and Samsung.
Leadership in the NHS
/leadership-in-the-nhs.html
In this essay, the development of leadership models is discussed, beginning with how the definition of leadership has evolved from the personal traits of an individual who commands and controls employees to a facilitator creating a strategic vision.
In this essay, the development of leadership models is discussed, beginning with how the definition of leadership has evolved from the personal traits of an individual who commands and controls employees to a facilitator creating a strategic vision.
Product Orientation and Marketing Orientation
/product-orientation-and-marketing-orientation.html
In an organisation which favours a product orientation, the focus is concentrated on the quality and performance of the product.An organisation which favours a marketing orientation, on the other hand, has a predominantly “sense and respond” philosophy, whereby the company looks to provide the products which the customer wants to buy, rather than looking for customers to purchase the products they wish to sell (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010).
In an organisation which favours a product orientation, the focus is concentrated on the quality and performance of the product.An organisation which favours a marketing orientation, on the other hand, has a predominantly “sense and respond” philosophy, whereby the company looks to provide the products which the customer wants to buy, rather than looking for customers to purchase the products they wish to sell (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010).
Marks & Spencer and the Value of the Little Old Lady
/marks--spencer-and-the-value-of-the-little-old-lady.html
Marks & Spencer is one of the UK’s leading retailers, selling clothing, home products, and foodstuffs. They are the largest clothing retailer in the UK, with a reported £4.2bn sales in clothing in 2011.They currently have 78000 employees spread over 703 stores in Britain, with around 90% of their revenue originating in the UK. Marc Bolland took over as Chief Executive Officer in May 2010.
Marks & Spencer is one of the UK’s leading retailers, selling clothing, home products, and foodstuffs. They are the largest clothing retailer in the UK, with a reported £4.2bn sales in clothing in 2011.They currently have 78000 employees spread over 703 stores in Britain, with around 90% of their revenue originating in the UK. Marc Bolland took over as Chief Executive Officer in May 2010.
Mobile Phone Purchasing Trends in the UK
/mobile-phone-purchasing-trends-in-the-uk.html
Here a survey is used to ask mobile phone users about their current phone and their future requirements at upgrade time, including the influence of style and brand. Results show that there is a relationship between phone purchasing and network tariffs, as well as the suggestion of the influence of emotional bonding between phone and owner.
Here a survey is used to ask mobile phone users about their current phone and their future requirements at upgrade time, including the influence of style and brand. Results show that there is a relationship between phone purchasing and network tariffs, as well as the suggestion of the influence of emotional bonding between phone and owner.
Models of Web Design
/models-of-web-design.html
Here we will be looking at some of the decision-making processes and constraining trade-offs which inform the web design process.
Here we will be looking at some of the decision-making processes and constraining trade-offs which inform the web design process.
Multiculturalism and Hospitality
/multiculturalism-and-hospitality.html
In this essay, we will be looking first at definitions of culture, and the different types and ranges of culture which exist. Then we look at ways in which national cultures have been defined by prominent researchers. Finally, we look at some of the issues which can arise in cross-cultural business situations, and some of the ways in which they can be addressed successfully.
In this essay, we will be looking first at definitions of culture, and the different types and ranges of culture which exist. Then we look at ways in which national cultures have been defined by prominent researchers. Finally, we look at some of the issues which can arise in cross-cultural business situations, and some of the ways in which they can be addressed successfully.
Industrial Relations in the UK from the 1980s
/industrial-relations-in-the-uk-from-the-1980s.html
The last thirty years has seen major alterations in the way employee relations are undertaken. Through a combination of political will, an increase in strategic management models, and increase in globalisation through technology, employees are more often expected to bargain individually with employers and managers.
The last thirty years has seen major alterations in the way employee relations are undertaken. Through a combination of political will, an increase in strategic management models, and increase in globalisation through technology, employees are more often expected to bargain individually with employers and managers.
Impact of Recession on Innovation at Dyson
/impact-of-recession-on-innovation-at-dyson.html
Academic business theories such as Porter’s (2008) suggest that the way for companies to survive a downturn is to increase levels of innovation, even though this may hurt the company results in the short term. The rationale of this strategy is that the innovating company emerges from the economic crisis as leaner and fitter because they have examined their strategy and operations in creative ways, and they are looking in the longer term. The aim of this report is to look at the fortunes of a company grounded in innovation during the global downturn in demand, and to find out whether Porter’s (2008) advice was indeed a valid strategy.
Academic business theories such as Porter’s (2008) suggest that the way for companies to survive a downturn is to increase levels of innovation, even though this may hurt the company results in the short term. The rationale of this strategy is that the innovating company emerges from the economic crisis as leaner and fitter because they have examined their strategy and operations in creative ways, and they are looking in the longer term. The aim of this report is to look at the fortunes of a company grounded in innovation during the global downturn in demand, and to find out whether Porter’s (2008) advice was indeed a valid strategy.
Internal and External Markets: case study Ritz Carlton
/external-and-internal-markets-case-study-ritz-carlton.html
At the beginning of the 20th century, building relationships with important customers was commonplace in business (O’Fallon & Rutherford, 2010), whereas at the beginning of the 21st century, customer relationships are part of a strategic drive to remain competitive or enhance differentiation (Porter 2008).
At the beginning of the 20th century, building relationships with important customers was commonplace in business (O’Fallon & Rutherford, 2010), whereas at the beginning of the 21st century, customer relationships are part of a strategic drive to remain competitive or enhance differentiation (Porter 2008).
Job Satisfaction, Motivation, and Productivity
Research into worker motivation and productivity has recently focused on the level of job satisfaction provided by employers, as there is suggestion of a link between worker motivation and productivity. Researchers such as (Minbaeva, 2008) suggest that motivation can be divided into two separate elements: extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. This study aimed to look at the component parts
of job satisfaction from the employee viewpoint. The conclusion is that the company
may have limited ways of influencing individual motivation and thus job
satisfaction, and the emergent fit between individual and company is likely to
be the pivotal foundation for job satisfaction.
Lean Systems in the NHS
/lean-systems-in-the-nhs.html
The efficient running of the NHS is a subject which emerges on a regular basis, and the system is currently under governmental review. Given that the predominant issues surround waiting times and the capacity to be treated effectively, the current study looks at the potential for introducing lean forms of working into the NHS.
The efficient running of the NHS is a subject which emerges on a regular basis, and the system is currently under governmental review. Given that the predominant issues surround waiting times and the capacity to be treated effectively, the current study looks at the potential for introducing lean forms of working into the NHS.
Maleness and crime
/maleness-and-crime.html
Males are convicted more often in almost all categories than women, and until recently, this has tended to be taken for granted (Messerschmidt, 1986; Heidenson, 1996). On average, 4.4 offences were made by males in comparison to females, with violent offences around 5:1, and theft and handling stolen goods at around 3:1 (British Crime Survey, 2009). There does not seem to be a simple causal relationship between males and criminality, but explanations tend to sit somewhere along the nature/nurture spectrum (Jones, 2008).
Males are convicted more often in almost all categories than women, and until recently, this has tended to be taken for granted (Messerschmidt, 1986; Heidenson, 1996). On average, 4.4 offences were made by males in comparison to females, with violent offences around 5:1, and theft and handling stolen goods at around 3:1 (British Crime Survey, 2009). There does not seem to be a simple causal relationship between males and criminality, but explanations tend to sit somewhere along the nature/nurture spectrum (Jones, 2008).
Managing Organisational Culture
/managing-organisational-culture.html
The study of organisational culture emerged in the 1980s, and can be viewed as a sub-set of the emergence of human resource management (HRM) (Pfeffer & Veiga, 1999) in that the focus of competitive positioning between corporations turned from manipulating products and production methods and began to include the concept of employees as corporate assets (Legge, 2005).
The study of organisational culture emerged in the 1980s, and can be viewed as a sub-set of the emergence of human resource management (HRM) (Pfeffer & Veiga, 1999) in that the focus of competitive positioning between corporations turned from manipulating products and production methods and began to include the concept of employees as corporate assets (Legge, 2005).
Online Learning
/online-learning.html
Information technology (IT) has changed the landscape of education, and options for students with the e-campus or virtual classroom have never been richer or more widely varied. The ease of use and cost implications of virtual teaching make it a valid and valuable addition to a traditional university education. This diversification is also in keeping with the mainstream pedagogical theory of constructivist learning, whereby the student is encouraged to engage with the knowledge presented, motivating herself to understand subjects at a deep level.
Information technology (IT) has changed the landscape of education, and options for students with the e-campus or virtual classroom have never been richer or more widely varied. The ease of use and cost implications of virtual teaching make it a valid and valuable addition to a traditional university education. This diversification is also in keeping with the mainstream pedagogical theory of constructivist learning, whereby the student is encouraged to engage with the knowledge presented, motivating herself to understand subjects at a deep level.